CORE

                                                                                                                           

                                   Mohamed Mohamed

03/19/2017        

History of the Cleveland

The Congress of Racial Equality

"Core"

            For many century of segregation and discrimination between white people and blacks. A group of people decided to establish an organization to defend black people rights that called The Congress of Racial Equality or core is a USA Civil Right Organization that played a vital role in the Civil Right movement. The CORE became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement because they were fighting for Spiritual and moral values to get equally and freedom for blacks. The group believed that non violent civil disobedience could be used by African Americans to challenge racial segregation in the South, and also could spread to others parts of the USA. There is a desire and hope in every person's inner being to strive for equality. The fight for equalization and freedom has existed throughout time. The struggle for black equality was the event that turned the United States of America upside down. For over two centuries, Negroes have struggled to be equal with whites. 

 “Student Congress of Racial Equality, Policy Statement”. Feb, 29, 1964. MS 5174, Box 2 folder 32 Western Reserve Historical Society. 03/03/2017.  

According to the statement of policy student core believes that Negroes will keep receiving  a bad education as long as integration is delayed.

The Board of Education played an important role; they showed lack of interest in quality education for the Cleveland Negro.

Student core opposed Mc Alister's position because at this time white students have better Education then Negroes.

Student Core advocated wide school boycotts to support Negroes from the government measures a against segregation education.

Student Core felt that, segregation education has no benefits to Negroes whereas; there were no 

 efforts from the government for them. 

African Americans began protesting racial discrimination in the United States before the Civil War, with the main objectives of eliminating racial discrimination and segregation and living in American society on an equal footing with other citizens.

“Freedom school Coordinating Committee. “School Boycott A protest Against Segregation”. Monday,April, 20, 1914. 5174, MS 5174, Box 2 folder 35, Western Reserve Historical Society. 03/31/2017.  

"Let Cleveland know that Negroes will no longer be treated as a second class citizen. Keep your 

children out of the public school and send them to Freedom school"

Freedom school Coordinating Committee,                                 

Freedom schools will be located in churches and community centers near your home . They will be open from 8:30 to 4:00 and will be equipped to teach 1 st grade through the 12th grade. Negro history  will be taught, in addition to regular school subjects.

Children must bring their lunches and school supplies (paper and pencils)

 “Southeast Citizens Association, meeting notice 1964”Presents a panel Discussion

New Sardis primitive Baptist Church

E.147 ST. and Kinsman Ave

 , sunday, june, 14 1964-7:30p.m. MS 5174, Box 2 folder 27. Western Reserve Historical Society. 03/31/2017 

 The southeast Citizens Association believe that they have an important duty to help society to create some resources that will let all men and women to reach their full measure of self- fulfillment in proportion to their abilities and their capacities. They further believe that no government, no  other community, no race, no religion, or any man has the right to block, divert, usurp, or by any  other means negate this self fulfillment. Believing this, they have joined hands in this southeast area to work toward achievement of the above rights for all people everywhere.

    “Special project committee, announcement regarding voter registration in Cleveland undated

"Nothing is more important than the Right to Vote

”. July,07,1965. MS 5174, Box 2 Folder 29

.  Western Reserve Historical Society. 04/28/2017  

They have never used this right in Cleveland and if men are to be free they must exercise the responsibilities of freedom.1

" As a volunteer VEP you will work with Cleveland 's special project Committee a non partisan interracial organization with members representing churches, business, the professions, civil rights and community groups who have lanced a massive voter registration and education campaign". 

Their Goals are followed,

1- To register 60,000 eligible citizens in 15 wards of the city who are not now voters.

2- To motivate thousands of others across the entire city to vote intelligently.

3-To enlist their participation in the project.

We need your help now become VEP.

 “Emergency Clergy Committee for civil rights 1965 ”. Feb,04,1969. MS 5174, Box 2 Folder 11. Western Reserve Historical Society. 03/31/2017. 

           At this time, black parents found a way to protect, and go a round with out direct action. Catholic schools urged black student to attend the first wave of migration through 1960- 1969 at their school which organized by programs by the church. Rabbi Arthur J." He was active in the civil rights movement of the 1960s, participating with other Cleveland clergy in voter registration efforts in Mississippi and serving as a minister-counselor to the Council of Federated Organizations under the auspices of the Commission on Race and Religion of the National Council of Churches. While serving in this capacity, Lelyveld was severely beaten. He also delivered the eulogy at the funeral of slain civil rights worker Andrew Goodman in 1964. The collection consists of correspondence, speeches, sermons, writings, minutes, publications, newspaper clippings, appointment books, and certificates."

Secondary sources 1

Finance Committee. 1963 Finance Committee Report. Thursday, 6/4/2015 7:03 pm . Budget Strategies Task Force, sudbury.MA. sudbury.ma.us. Web. 05/05/2017. <https://sudbury.ma.us/financecommittee/1963-finance-committee-report/>.

         In this source I found out that Finance Committee played an important role in 1960s. The main mission was to organize and arrange financial matters with town, school, and a lot of other committees. It also holds public hearing each year. The Committee required by law to present voters, and to make recommendations on all finical articles.The committee also discussed problems included comparative date on three different groups of communities.

 Secondary sources 2 

 by Herbert Randall, 1964. FREEDOM SCHOOL CURRICULUM

. 1964 Photograph. Institution, City. Mississippi School Freedom Curriculum. . 05/05/2017. 

<http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_01_Preface.htm>

       It was hard to complete Freedom School Curriculum because  it was many obstacles that faced by the school ,and also not completed successful. Each part was written by different people from different organization, and some of these document was submitted at different times. Some also provided to local freedom school coordinators, for all of these reasons they were not be able to find documents, They got advice from Casey Hayden , “Things changed pretty fast, and the various drafts which you have, and the papers which seem to have materialized out of previous lists, are probably beyond anyone’s memory, and possibly beyond reason, so if you just make your best guesses about what turned into what on the lists, I feel pretty sure you will be providing the best guesses available”. The Freedom School curriculum helped and encouraged teacher to lay hands of any items or martial they found because the school wants to protect theses curriculum. The school tried to recreate  the curriculum in the table of content on the cover page of the mimeographs that distributed to the teachers. They are publishing the Freedom School Curriculum because they think that it is a timeless example of a progressive curriculum successfully implemented. While a superb model, the curriculum was, nevertheless, a very specific response to a unique historical period out of which its aims were generated. they provide only the briefest outline of this context in their introduction. They strongly recommend that people should read more about Freedom Summer.

Secondary sources 3

Altman, Susan. Black Power Conference Of Newark Held. Sat, 1967- 07- 22, Newark. African American Registry. Web. 05/07/2017. <http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/black-

power-conference-newark-held>.

              The first Black Power Conference in the USA history took place in Newark in 1967. They were collecting more than 1.000 delegates to represent 286 organization and institution from 126 cites in   26 states. The purpose of that conference was discussing the most pressing African American issues of the day. They held workshops and presented papers for specific programs and developed more than 80 resolutions for  emphasis of black power in political economic and cultural affiars.  The movement asked blacks to speak out and encouraged them to fight for empowerment. Many artists, athletes, and politicians joined the movement, including heavyweight champion Muhammed Ali, who refused induction into the armed forces on both religious and political grounds in 1967. 

“At that time, most large cities in the country, the last thing they wanted was to have thousands of black people coming to that city for any period of time,” Hatcher told WBEZ recently. “People said there would be riots, buildings would be burned, crime would escalate. All of those things.” Hatcher says, at the time, "the nation’s political climate was changing and blacks needed to decide how to best address pressing issues as well as achieve true equality". Hatcher, "along with many other attendees, thought other means had failed".

              In conclusion Core influenced the progress of the civil rights movement in the USA in many different ways. Blacks were protest used nonviolent way. Core was the most important event in the history of the civil rights protest. Core was also involved in organizing attention to increase black unemployment, and it helped to pass the civil right Act of 1964. in this research I  gained a lot of knowledge about the civil right movement, and how core played a vital role in the civil right. I also learned CORE's major fight was against racial segregation in places of public accommodation entertainment facilities, restaurants, and housing, and it made significant gains. Core also had achieved a large amount of progress in civil rights for African Americans in the United States. Civil rights improved my opinion about the congress of Racial Equality because The researches i made it improved my knowledge and taught me valuable information. Cleveland has played a role in Core, it participated in Public school construction site, boycott in protest of racial segregation, helped to organized march in Washington, and freedom summer.